properties of 1095

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Carbon Steels 1095

Chemistry Data

Carbon

0.9 - 1.03

Iron

Balance

Manganese

0.3 - 0.5

Phosphorus

0.04 max

Sulphur

0.05 max

General Information

Principal Design Features

This is a high carbon alloy of the plain carbon steel family. It is intended for high hardness and strength, but also tends to be brittle.

Applications

Typically used for springs or cutting tools requiring sharp cutting edges such as grass or grain cutting tools.

Machinability

Machinability is relatively poor for 1095 alloy. It rates at 45% that of 1112 steel which is used as a 100% machinable reference.

Forming

Forming may be accomplished by conventional methods. However 1095 is more difficult to form and requires greater force to do so than for the lower carbon steels.

Welding

1095 may be welded by all of the welding methods. It is important to pre-heat at 500 to 600 F and post-heat the weldment at 1200 to 1450 F.

Heat Treatment

The steel may be hardened by heating to 1650 F and quenching in oil. This should be followed by a tempering heat treatment. For cutting tools it is common practice to harden only the cutting edge by induction heating and quenching so as to retain the toughness of the steel behind the hardened edge.

Forging

Forging may be done at 2150 F down to 1750 F. Before forging the steel should be given a full anneal at 1650 F and slow cool so as to homogenize the alloy prior to forging.

Hot Working

Hot working may be done in the 900 to 200 F range.

Cold Working

The alloy can be cold worked, but requires more force than the lower carbons steels in so doing.

Annealing

Anneal at 1650 F and slow cool in the furnace.

Aging

Not applicable.

Tempering

Temper at 700 to 1300 F. This steel is capable of a Rockwell C 55 hardness at the lower tempering temperature.

Hardening

Hardens by cold work or heat treatment. See "Heat Treatment" and "Tempering".

Physical Data

Density (lb / cu. in.)

0.284

Specific Gravity

7.86

Specific Heat (Btu/lb/Deg F - [32-212 Deg F])

0.107

Melting Point (Deg F)

2760

Poissons Ratio

0.3

Thermal Conductivity

350

Mean Coeff Thermal Expansion

6.7

Modulus of Elasticity Tension

30

Modulus of Elasticity Torsion

11

Mechanical Data

Form

Round Bar

Condition

Hot Rolled

Temper

68

Tensile Strength

139

Yield Strength

84

Elongation

97

Reduction of Area

18

Rockwell

C31

Brinnell

293