Titanium 3Al-2.5V

Heat to 482-510 C (900-950 F), hold for 2-8 hours, air cool.

Full anneal at 593-760 C(1100-1400 F) for 3 hours, air cool. For stress relief, heat to 316-649 C(600-1200 F) for 3 hours, air cool.

Principally used for tubing in aircraft and engine hydraulic systems, this alloy is also found in golf clubs, tennis rackets and performance bicycles.

The cold work characteristics of this material is similar to that of a moderately tempered austenitic stainless steel. In multiple cold forming operations, intermediate stress relief is recommended to prevent tearing or other material damage. Post-work annealing is required to reattain optimum performance characteristics.

Rough work can be performed at 900 C (1650 F), while finishing operations should be performed at 843 C (1550 F).

May be hot or cold formed using hydropress, power brake, stretch or drop hammer methods. Similar in characteristics to 300 series stainless steels.

Solution Treating--heat to 871-927 C(1600-1700 F), hold for 15-20 minutes and water quench

Hot forming will reduce both the springback and required forming forces, and will increase the overall ductility of the material.

As a family, titanium and its alloys have developed a mystique as a nightmare to machine. This is simply not the case. Experienced operators have compared its characteristics to those found in 316 stainless steel. Recommended practice includes high coolant flow(to offset the material's low thermal conductivity), slow speeds and relatively high feed rates. Tooling should be tungsten carbide designations C1-C4 or cobalt type high speed tools.

In the cold worked, stress relieved condition, 3-2.5 tube product can obtain tensile up to 125,000, yield up to 105,000 and elongation up to 15 %.

Beta Transus (F +/-25) 1715

Key attributes of this alloy include 30-40 improved strength over Commercially pure grades and excellent corrosion resistance, formability and weldability. Commonly available from both distributors and mill sources. Beta Transus (F +/-25) 1715. In the cold worked, stress relieved condition, 3-2.5 tube product can obtain tensile up to 125,000, yield up to 105,000 and elongation up to 15 %.

Rated as "good" in terms of weldability.